US8320067B1 - Refresh operations using write/read commands - Google Patents
Refresh operations using write/read commands Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8320067B1 US8320067B1 US12/782,681 US78268110A US8320067B1 US 8320067 B1 US8320067 B1 US 8320067B1 US 78268110 A US78268110 A US 78268110A US 8320067 B1 US8320067 B1 US 8320067B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- refresh
- zone
- data
- controller
- read data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/36—Monitoring, i.e. supervising the progress of recording or reproducing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
- G11B5/596—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following for track following on disks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
- G11B5/58—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
- G11B5/596—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with provision for moving the head for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the head relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following for track following on disks
- G11B5/59633—Servo formatting
- G11B5/59655—Sector, sample or burst servo format
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
- G11B2220/2508—Magnetic discs
Definitions
- a disk drive comprises a rotating disk and a head over the disk to magnetically write to and read data from the disk.
- the head may be connected to a distal end of an actuator arm that is rotated about a pivot to position the head radially over the disk.
- the disk may comprise a plurality of radially spaced, concentric tracks for recording data and servo information on the disk.
- the servo information may be read by the head to determine the position of the head over the disk and processed by a servo control system to position the head over a desired track.
- a current is applied to a write element of the head (e.g., a write coil) to create a magnetic field which magnetizes the surface of the disk by orienting the direction of magnetic grains (e.g., horizontally in longitudinal magnetic recording, or vertically in perpendicular magnetic recording). The orientation of the grains exhibits hysteresis thereby generating their own magnetic field when the write magnetic field is removed.
- a read element of the head e.g., a magnetoresistive element
- the hysteresis of the magnetic grains is not permanent meaning that over time the grains will orientate into random directions (magnetic entropy) until the magnetic field is no longer sensed reliably (leading to data errors during reproduction). Magnetic entropy may also be precipitated by various factors, such as increasing ambient temperature. That is, at higher temperatures the uniform alignment of the grains will degrade faster. Another factor that precipitates magnetic entropy is a phenomenon referred to as adjacent track interference (ATI) wherein when writing data to a target track, the fringe field from the write element degrades the uniform alignment of the grains recorded in an adjacent track. The degrading effect of ATI on the adjacent tracks compounds over time with each write operation to the target track. Eventually, the magnetic field emanating from the disk surface will deteriorate to the point that the data is no longer recoverable.
- ATI adjacent track interference
- the data may be refreshed, in which the data is read from the disk and rewritten back to the disk.
- the refresh operation may be performed in the background, for example, after a certain number of writes are made within the area of the disk and/or other areas of the disk located near the area of the disk.
- the disk drive may perform refresh operations for many areas of the disk in the background to protect the data integrity of the disk.
- the disk drive when the disk drive is busy handling host commands, the user may experience an undesirable slow down of the command execution time while the disk drive initiates and executes refresh operations in the background.
- the disk drive In a high duty cycle, heavy workload environment, the disk drive may need to throttle back user bandwidth in order to perform refresh operations.
- the refresh operations can sap the drive performance and at times shut down the drive.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a disk drive according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows an example of refresh zones according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows an example of extending pre-read/write and/or post-read/write to access a track according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method for refreshing a disk drive according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a disk drive 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the disk drive 100 comprises a rotating magnetic disk 60 and a head 50 connected to the distal end of an actuator arm 25 .
- the actuator arm 25 is rotated about a pivot by a voice coil motor (VCM) 20 to position the head 50 radially over the disk 60 .
- VCM voice coil motor
- the disk 60 comprises a number of radially spaced, concentric tracks 4 . Each track 4 may be partitioned into a number of data sectors (not shown) that are spaced circumferentially along the track 4 .
- the disk 60 may also comprise a plurality of embedded servo sectors 22 0 - 22 N , each of which may include position information that can be read from the disk 60 by the head 50 to determine the position of the head 50 over the disk 60 .
- the disk drive 100 also comprises a controller 10 that performs various operations of the disk drive 100 described herein.
- the controller 10 may be implemented using one or more processors for executing instructions and may further include memory, such as a volatile or non-volatile memory, for storing data (e.g., data being processed) and/or instructions.
- the instructions may be executed by the one or more processors to perform the various functions of the controller 10 described herein.
- the one or more processors may include a microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), hard-wired logic, analog circuitry and/or a combination thereof.
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the controller 10 may first position the head 50 at a desired track 4 on the disk 60 by sending a control signal 28 to the VCM 20 .
- the controller 10 may include a servo control system that positions the head 50 using the VCM 20 based on position information read from one or more embedded servo sectors 22 0 - 22 N .
- the controller 10 processes data to be written to the disk 60 into a write signal 26 , which is outputted to the head 50 .
- the head 50 converts the write signal 26 into a magnetic field that magnetizes the surface of the disk 60 based on the write signal, thereby magnetically writing the data to the disk 60 .
- the controller 10 positions the head 50 at a desired data track 4 on the disk 60 .
- the head 50 generates a read signal based on the magnetization of the disk surface under the head 50 .
- the controller 10 receives and processes the read signal 26 into a data sequence.
- the controller 10 may write data to and read data from the disk 60 in response to write/read commands from a host (e.g., host processor). For example, the controller 10 may receive a host write command including data to be written to the disk 60 , and execute the host write command by writing the data to the disk 60 . The controller 10 may also receive a host read command requesting data stored on the disk 60 , and execute the host read command by reading the requested data from the disk 60 and sending the read data to the host. The host may address data in write/read commands using logical block addresses (LBAs). The controller 10 may maintain an address table mapping the LBAs from the host to physical addresses of the corresponding data on the disk 60 , and use the address table to locate data on the disk 60 requested by a host read command. The use of LBAs allows the host to address data stored in the disk drive 100 without having to know the physical locations of the data on the disk 60 .
- LBAs logical block addresses
- the controller 10 may store write/read commands received from the host in a command queue and execute the write/read commands in the command queue in an order determined by a rotational positioning optimization (RPO) algorithm.
- the RPO algorithm may place the write/read commands in an order that minimizes mechanical latencies between commands.
- the mechanical latencies may include seek latency for the head 50 to seek to a track 4 corresponding to a command, rotational latency for the disk 60 to rotate so that the head 50 reaches a data sector corresponding to a command, and/or other latencies.
- the disk 60 may be partitioned into a plurality of refresh zones, which may also be referred to as zip codes.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of five refresh zones 210 a - 210 e .
- Each refresh zone 210 a - 210 e may comprise one or more tracks 4 of the disk 60 .
- five refresh zones 210 a - 210 e are shown in FIG. 2 for ease of discussion, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disk 60 may include any number of refresh zones.
- the controller 10 may maintain a refresh counter for each refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , in which the count value of the refresh counter indicates whether the respective refresh zone needs to be refreshed.
- the controller 10 may increase the count values of refresh counters for particular refresh zones 210 a when the controller 10 detects an event that contributes to data degradation in the refresh zones 210 a - 210 e .
- the refresh counters may be stored in any type of memory including random access memory, solid state memory and/or other type of memory.
- the controller 10 may increase the count values of the refresh counters for refresh zones 210 b - 210 e , which are located near refresh zone 210 a .
- the refresh zone 210 a being written to may be referred to as the target refresh zone.
- the controller 10 increases the count values for refresh zones 210 b - 210 e to account for ATI from refresh zone 210 a .
- the controller 10 may increase the count values for refresh zones 210 b and 210 c by a greater amount than the count values for refresh zones 210 d and 210 e , which are located farther away from the refresh zone 210 a and are therefore less affected by ATI from refresh zone 210 a .
- the controller 10 may also increase the count value for refresh zone 210 a . This is because, when data is written to a portion of the refresh zone 210 a , the fringe field from the write element of the head 50 may degrade data in other portions of the refresh zone 210 a .
- the count values for refresh zones 210 a - 210 e may also be increased to account for degradation due to wide area track erasure (WATER).
- WATER wide area track erasure
- the controller 10 can update the refresh counters by monitoring the frequency of write operations to the refresh zones 210 a - 210 e .
- One skilled in the art will recognize that other methods and/or factors for updating the refresh counters may also be used.
- the controller 10 may use the refresh counters to refresh the data stored in the corresponding refresh zones 210 a - 210 e . For example, when the count value of a refresh counter exceeds a first threshold, the controller 10 may check the condition of the data in the corresponding refresh zone 210 a - 210 e to determine whether the refresh zone needs to be refreshed. If the condition of the data is bad, then the controller 10 may refresh the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e by reading data from the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e and rewriting the read data back to the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e . After the refresh, the controller 10 may clear the refresh counter back to zero.
- the controller 10 may hold off refreshing the refresh zone 210 a - 201 e , for example, until the count value of the refresh counter exceeds a higher threshold. Examples of methods for determining the condition of data in a refresh zone 210 a - 210 e are provided below.
- the controller 10 may refresh the corresponding refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the controller 10 may perform the refresh operation by reading the data from the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e and outputting a write command to the command queue for rewriting the read data back to the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the controller 10 may use an RPO algorithm to order the write command for the refresh with other pending commands.
- the controller 10 may wait until an idle mode of the disk drive to perform the refresh operation, during which time the disk drive is not processing a host command.
- the controller 10 may sort the corresponding refresh operations such that a refresh zone having a count value is refreshed sooner. After a refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is refreshed, the corresponding refresh counter may be cleared back to zero.
- the controller 10 may immediately refresh the corresponding refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the third threshold may be higher than the second threshold indicating a more immediate need to refresh the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the count value may exceed the third threshold while the corresponding refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is awaiting refresh after exceeding the second threshold.
- refresh operations protect data integrity of the disk 60
- the refresh operations may slow down the execution of commands from the host and/or other commands. For example, when the disk drive 100 is busy handling host commands, the user may experience an undesirable slow down of the command execution time while the disk drive 100 initiates and executes refresh operations in the background.
- One method to reduce the impact of refresh operations is to clear a refresh counter under certain conditions without performing a refresh operation. This reduces the number of refresh operations that are performed in the background, thereby reducing the impact of the refresh operations on the execution of commands from the host and/or other commands. For example, when a host write command writes data to an entire refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , the controller 10 may clear the corresponding refresh counter for the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e since any degraded data in the refresh zone is overwritten.
- the controller 10 may determine when a host write command writes data to an entire refresh zone 210 a - 201 e by determining when the range of LBAs in the host write command covers the entire range of LBAs associated with the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e.
- the controller 10 “piggybacks” on top of host access commands and/or other commands to check the condition of refresh zones 210 a - 210 e and perform refresh operations.
- the controller 10 When the controller 10 receives an access command (e.g., host write/read command) accessing a portion of a refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , the controller 10 accesses the entire refresh zone 210 a - 210 e to determine the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e . For the example of a read command requesting data from a portion of a refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , the controller 10 may read the entire refresh zone 210 a - 210 e containing the data requested by the read command.
- an access command e.g., host write/read command
- the controller 10 may read data from the rest of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e includes a portion being accessed by the access command and a portion not being access by the access command.
- the read data allows the controller 10 to determine the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , as discussed below.
- a refresh zone 210 a - 210 e includes a track 4
- the controller 10 when an access command accesses a portion of the track 4 , the controller 10 also reads data from the portion of the track 4 not being accessed by the access command.
- FIG. 3 An example of this is shown in which an access command accesses a portion 310 of the track.
- the controller 10 may extend the lengths of the pre-read/write 305 and/or post-read/write 315 of the track to cover the entire track.
- the pre-read/write 305 may correspond to rotation of the disk 60 to position the head 50 at the portion 310 of the track being accessed by the access command.
- the post-read/write 315 may correspond to rotation of the disk 60 after the portion 310 of the track being accessed by the access command.
- the controller 10 may read data during the pre-read/write 305 and post-read/write 315 to determine the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- An advantage of this embodiment is that it incorporates the rotational latency associated with positioning the head 50 at the portion 310 of the track being accessed by the access command to access the entire track.
- the RPO algorithm may take into account that the pre-read/write 305 and/or post-read/write 315 are extended to cover the entire track when ordering the access command with other commands.
- the controller 10 may extend the pre-read 305 and/or the post-read 310 before and after the data 310 being requested by the read command to read the entire track.
- the controller 10 After reading data from the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , the controller 10 uses the read data to determine the condition of the data in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , and thus whether the refresh zone needs to be refreshed. The controller 10 may use the read data to determine the condition of the data in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e based on error correct code (ECC) symbol errors in the read data or other method, as discussed further below. If the controller 10 determines that the condition of the data in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is bad, then the controller 10 may schedule the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e for refresh.
- ECC error correct code
- the controller 10 may refresh the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e using the data already read from the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e to determine the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e . If the controller 10 determines that the condition of the data in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is good, then the controller 10 may clear the corresponding refresh counter without performing a refresh operation. In another embodiment, the controller 10 may reduce the count value of the refresh counter to delay refresh and thus reduce the frequency of refresh operations, as discussed further below.
- controller 10 checks the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e in response to a host read command, then the controller 10 sends the portion of the read data corresponding to the data requested by the host read command to the host.
- An advantage of this embodiment is that the controller 10 uses an access command accessing a portion of a refresh zone 210 a - 210 e as an opportunity to read the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e and determine the condition of the refresh zone 2101 - 210 e . This saves time compared with the case where the controller 10 separately checks the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 201 e in the background in response to the corresponding refresh counter exceeding a threshold. Further, if the controller 10 determines to refresh the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , then the controller 10 can refresh the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e using data already read from the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the controller 10 determines not to refresh the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , then the controller 10 can clear or reduce the corresponding refresh counter, thereby reducing the number of refresh operations that are performed in the background. Thus, the controller 10 is able to “piggyback” on top of access commands to reduce background activities associated with refresh and thus improve drive performance.
- the controller 10 may also “piggyback” on top of other types of access commands to perform refresh operations.
- the controller 10 may “piggyback” on read commands used in an internal scan to check the integrity of the disk 60 .
- the controller 10 may also “piggyback” on a read modify write command, in which data is read from the disk 60 , modified with new data, and written back to the disk 60 .
- An example of a read modified write command is an unaligned sector write in which a portion of a data sector is modified with new data.
- the controller 10 when the controller 10 receives a read modify write command, the controller 10 reads the corresponding refresh zone 210 a - 210 e (i.e., the refresh zone including the data being read by the read modify write command).
- the controller 10 uses the read data to determine the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , and thus whether the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e needs to be refreshed. If the controller 10 determines to refresh the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , then the controller 10 rewrites the read data that is not being modified back to the disk 60 along with the modified data.
- the controller 10 may determine whether to check the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e based on the count value of the corresponding refresh counter. For example, if the count value is equal to or less than a threshold, then the controller 10 may skip checking the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e . This is because a low count value may indicate that the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 201 e is likely good. If the count value exceeds the threshold, then the controller 10 may check the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e as discussed above.
- An advantage of this embodiment is that the controller 10 does not need to extend the pre-read/write and/or the post-read/write to check the condition of a refresh zone 210 a - 210 e when the count value of the corresponding refresh counter is low.
- the controller 10 performs an ECC scan of the data read from the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e and determines the number of ECC symbols errors for each data sector of the read data. If the number of ECC symbol errors for each data sector is less than or equal to a threshold (e.g., nine ECC symbol errors), then the controller 10 may determine that the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is good. In this case, the controller 10 may clear or reduce the count value of the corresponding refresh counter. If the ECC symbol errors for any one of the data sectors exceed the threshold, then the controller 10 may determine that the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is bad. In this case, the controller 10 may schedule the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e for refresh.
- a threshold e.g. nine ECC symbol errors
- the controller 10 may perform low-density parity-check (LDPC) to recover data read from the disk 10 .
- the controller 10 stores the data from the disk in a buffer, and corrects the data in the buffer in one or more iterations until the correct data is recovered. The number of iterations needed to obtain the correct data may then be used to indicate the quality of the data in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 b with a lower number of iterations indicating higher data quality.
- the controller 10 may determine that the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is good when the number of iterations is less than or equal to a threshold.
- the controller 10 when the controller 10 determines that the condition of a refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is good, the controller 10 reduces the count value of the corresponding refresh counter by an amount based on the quality of the data in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the controller 10 may reduce the count value of the refresh counter based on a number of ECC symbol errors in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the number of ECC symbol errors may correspond to the data sector having the highest number of errors in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the controller 10 reduces the count value by a larger amount when the number of ECC symbol errors is lower.
- the controller 10 may reduce the count value of the refresh counter based on a number of iterations required by an LDPC algorithm to obtain the correct data. In this example, the controller 10 reduces the count value by a larger amount when the number of iterations is lower. Thus, the controller 10 may scale the reduction of the count value based on the quality of the data in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e.
- the controller 10 may clear the refresh counter back to zero. For example, the controller 10 may clear the refresh counter when the number of ECC symbols errors or number of iterations is equal to or less than a threshold, and reduce the count value of the refresh counter as described above when the number of ECC symbols errors or number of iterations exceeds the threshold, but is not high enough to consider the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e bad.
- the controller 10 may schedule the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e for refresh.
- the controller 10 may do this, for example, by marking the refresh zone as “dirty” in a buffer and sorting the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e with other refresh zones 210 a - 210 e scheduled for refresh.
- the refresh zones scheduled for refresh may be sorted based on the count values of their refresh counters, the quality of their data, and/or an RPO algorithm. For example, the controller 10 may sort the refresh zones so that refresh zones 210 a - 210 e having higher count values are scheduled for refresh before refresh zones having lower count values.
- the controller 10 may sort the refresh zones so that the refresh zones having lower data quality (e.g., more ECC symbol errors) are scheduled for refresh before refresh zones having higher data quality (e.g., fewer ECC symbol errors).
- the controller 10 may sort the refresh zones based on an RPO algorithm to minimize mechanical latencies. The controller 10 may also use any combination of the above factors in sorting the refresh zones 210 a - 210 e scheduled for refresh.
- the controller 10 may generate a write command for rewriting the read data back to the disk 60 to perform the refresh operation.
- the controller 10 may output the write command for the refresh to the command queue and use an RPO algorithm to sort the write command with other commands in the queue. For example, the controller 10 may sort the commands in the queue based on the RPO algorithm to minimize mechanical latencies.
- the other commands may include host commands and/or write commands for refreshes of other refresh zones 210 a - 210 e.
- the controller 10 may increase the count value of the corresponding refresh zone above a threshold for triggering refreshes.
- the increase in the count value helps preserve the knowledge that the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e needs to be refreshed.
- the controller 10 may perform pre-read/write and post-read/write before and after the portion of the track being accessed by the access command to read data from the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e .
- the controller 10 may execute a minimum number of retries in order to meet a command completion time. If the controller 10 is not successful after a number of retries, then the controller 10 may leave the corresponding refresh counter unaltered and allow refresh of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e to be triggered by the count value of the refresh counter exceeding a certain threshold.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for performing refresh according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method may be performed by the controller 10 .
- an access command is received.
- the access command may be a host read/write command, a read command initiated by an internal scan to check the integrity of the disk 60 or other command.
- the corresponding refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is read.
- the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e includes a portion being accessed by the access command and a portion not being accessed by the access command.
- the controller 10 may read the entire refresh zone 210 a - 210 e including the data being requested by the read command.
- the controller 10 may read the portion of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e not being written to by the write command.
- step 430 the condition of the read data is checked. This may be done by performing an ECC scan of the read data, applying an LDPC algorithm to the read data to recover the correct data, and/or other method.
- step 440 a determination is made whether the condition of the read data is good, and thus whether the condition of the data in the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is good. For the example in which an ECC scan is used, the read data may be considered good when the number of ECC symbols errors for each data sector is equal to or less than a threshold. For the example in which the LDPC algorithm is used, the read data may be considered good when the number of iterations needed to obtain the correct data is equal to or less than a threshold. If the condition of the read data is determined to be good, then the method proceeds to step 450 . Otherwise, the method proceeds to step 460 .
- the corresponding refresh counter is updated.
- the refresh counter may be cleared back to zero.
- the count value of the refresh counter may be reduced, for example, based on the quality of the read data. For example, the count value may be reduced by a larger amount when the quality of the data is higher (e.g., fewer ECC symbols errors or fewer iterations to obtain the correct data).
- the refresh zone is refreshed by rewriting the read data to the refresh zone.
- the write data in the write command is also written to the refresh zone.
- the refresh for the refresh zone may be scheduled with other refreshes for other refresh zones and/or other commands, as discussed above.
- the controller 10 may check the condition of more than one refresh zone 210 a - 210 e in response to an access command. For example, a read command may request data across two refresh zones 210 a - 210 e . In another example, the controller 10 may check the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e being accessed by the access command as well as adjacent refresh zones 210 a - 210 e . For each refresh zone 210 a - 210 e , the controller 10 may clear or reduce the count value of the corresponding refresh counter if the condition of the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e is good and schedule the refresh zone 210 a - 210 e for refresh if the condition of the refresh zone is bad.
Abstract
Description
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/782,681 US8320067B1 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2010-05-18 | Refresh operations using write/read commands |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/782,681 US8320067B1 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2010-05-18 | Refresh operations using write/read commands |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US8320067B1 true US8320067B1 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
Family
ID=47190897
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/782,681 Active US8320067B1 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2010-05-18 | Refresh operations using write/read commands |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8320067B1 (en) |
Cited By (133)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8531791B1 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2013-09-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Methods for adaptive throttling of data refresh operations and disk drives implementing the same |
US20140071559A1 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Read/write apparatus and read/write method |
US8879188B1 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2014-11-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive employing fly height calibration tracks to account for magnetic entropy and thermal decay |
US8891341B1 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-11-18 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Energy assisted magnetic recording disk drive using modulated laser light |
US8891193B1 (en) | 2013-05-09 | 2014-11-18 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive calibrating threshold and gain of touchdown sensor |
US8902527B1 (en) | 2010-03-22 | 2014-12-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for improving sequential data rate performance using sorted data zones |
US8902529B1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-12-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Dual frequency crystal oscillator |
US8909889B1 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2014-12-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for servicing host commands by a disk drive |
US8908311B1 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2014-12-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device writing a multi-sector codeword in segments over multiple disk revolutions |
US8914625B1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2014-12-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Automatically configuring a web browser file when booting an operating system from a data storage device |
US8922939B1 (en) | 2013-04-02 | 2014-12-30 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive generating feed-forward fly height control based on temperature sensitive fly height sensor |
US8937782B1 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2015-01-20 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Hard disk drive assembly including a NVSM to store configuration data for controlling disk drive operations |
US8941935B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2015-01-27 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | System and method for initiating refresh operations |
US8941941B1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2015-01-27 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive calibrating touchdown sensor |
US8949521B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2015-02-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Actuator prepositioning for disk drive |
US8947812B1 (en) | 2014-03-27 | 2015-02-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device comprising equalizer filter and inter-track interference filter |
US8953277B1 (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2015-02-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device writing tracks on a disk with equal spacing |
US8953269B1 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2015-02-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Management of data objects in a data object zone |
US8954664B1 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2015-02-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Writing metadata files on a disk |
US8958167B1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2015-02-17 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Detection of disk surface irregularities in data storage devices |
US8959281B1 (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2015-02-17 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management for a storage device |
US8970978B1 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2015-03-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive detecting head touchdown by applying DC+AC control signal to fly height actuator |
US8976633B1 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2015-03-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating fly height actuator based on laser power for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US8990493B1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2015-03-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing force unit access writes on a disk |
US8988810B1 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2015-03-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Track measurement for data storage device |
US8988809B1 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2015-03-24 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Disk recording device for writing a radially coherent reference band by measuring relative timing offsets of reference bursts |
US8996839B1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2015-03-31 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device aligning partition to boundary of sector when partition offset correlates with offset of write commands |
US9001453B1 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2015-04-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating fly height actuator based on read mode touchdown resistance of touchdown sensor |
US9009358B1 (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2015-04-14 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Configuring a data storage device with a parameter file interlocked with configuration code |
US9013818B1 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2015-04-21 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive measuring reader/writer gap by measuring fractional clock cycle over disk radius |
US9013821B1 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2015-04-21 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing one-dimensional and two-dimensional channels |
US9021410B1 (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2015-04-28 | Western Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with multi-cycle simulation coverage mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9025421B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2015-05-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device adjusting laser input power to compensate for temperature variations |
US9025267B1 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2015-05-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device using branch metric from adjacent track to compensate for inter-track interference |
US9025270B1 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2015-05-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with current conservation mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9047917B1 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive slider with sense amplifier for coupling to a preamp through a supply/bias line and a read signal line |
US9049471B2 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2015-06-02 | Keen Personal Media, Inc. | Personal video recorder for inserting a stored advertisement into a displayed broadcast stream |
US9047206B1 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2015-06-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Disk drive apparatus and method of manufacturing the disk drive apparatus |
US9053730B1 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2015-06-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive comprising extended range head proximity sensor |
US9053749B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-06-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive comprising a per-drive and per-head fly height filter |
US9060420B2 (en) | 2007-11-01 | 2015-06-16 | Western Digitial Technologies, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a double sided flex circuit for a disk drive wherein a first side lead provides an etching mask for a second side lead |
US9063838B1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2015-06-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device shifting data chunks of alignment zone relative to sector boundaries |
US9064542B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2015-06-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Scheduled load of heads to reduce lubricant migration on pole tip and decrease time to ready |
US9064504B1 (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2015-06-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with media recovery mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9064525B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive comprising laser transmission line optimized for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9070406B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2015-06-30 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive configuring one-dimensional and two-dimensional recording areas based on read element spacing |
US9076474B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2015-07-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device attenuating thermal decay effect on fly height measurement |
US9074941B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-07-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for measuring ambient and laser temperature in heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9075714B1 (en) | 2014-05-13 | 2015-07-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with data management mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9082458B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2015-07-14 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device balancing and maximizing quality metric when configuring arial density of each disk surface |
US9099134B1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2015-08-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing multiple jog profiles for a butterfly written disk surface |
US9099144B1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2015-08-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive evaluating laser performance for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9099103B1 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-08-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Heat assisted magnetic recording withinterlaced high-power heated and low-power heated tracks |
US9117463B1 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2015-08-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device erasing multiple adjacent data tracks to recover from inter-track interference |
US9117479B1 (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2015-08-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating laser write power for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9117489B1 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2015-08-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device screening heads by verifying defects after defect scan |
US9123382B1 (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2015-09-01 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Non-volatile caching for sequence of data |
US9123370B1 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2015-09-01 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating fly height actuator based on laser power for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9129628B1 (en) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-09-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management for data storage device with different track density regions |
US9128820B1 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2015-09-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | File management among different zones of storage media |
US9135205B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 | 2015-09-15 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage assembly for archive cold storage |
US9153287B1 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2015-10-06 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data access for shingled magnetic recording media |
US9153266B1 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2015-10-06 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device measuring laser protrusion fly height profile |
US9158722B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2015-10-13 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device to communicate with a host in a SATA or a USB mode |
US9164694B1 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2015-10-20 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device detecting read-before-write conditions and returning configurable return data |
US9165568B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 | 2015-10-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Tosbhia | Hard disk drive and data refresh method |
US9171575B1 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2015-10-27 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device detecting media defects by writing opposite polarity test pattern |
US20150317204A1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-05 | Lsi Corporation | Systems and Methods for Efficient Data Refresh in a Storage Device |
US9183877B1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-11-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device comprising two-dimensional data dependent noise whitening filters for two-dimensional recording |
US9183864B1 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2015-11-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive adjusting closed-loop fly height target based on change in open-loop fly height control signal |
US9189392B1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2015-11-17 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Opportunistic defragmentation during garbage collection |
US9196302B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2015-11-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with media maintenance mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9213493B1 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2015-12-15 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Sorted serpentine mapping for storage drives |
US9214186B1 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2015-12-15 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device measuring radial offset between read element and write element |
US9230585B1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2016-01-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Per wedge preheat DFH to improve data storage device performance |
US9230605B1 (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2016-01-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device maximizing areal density based on a target quality metric |
US9236086B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 | 2016-01-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Methods for reducing operational latency of data storage systems |
US9245558B1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2016-01-26 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with data management mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9245556B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2016-01-26 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive employing multiple read elements to increase radial band for two-dimensional magnetic recording |
US9251844B1 (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2016-02-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Waterfall method and apparatus for a data storage device read system |
US9251856B1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2016-02-02 | Western Digial Technologies, Inc. | Read failover method and apparatus for a data storage system |
US9257146B1 (en) | 2014-02-11 | 2016-02-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device comprising sequence detector compensating for inter-track interference |
US9257143B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2016-02-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Precautionary measures for data storage device environmental conditions |
US9257145B1 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2016-02-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive measuring down-track spacing of read sensors |
US9263088B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2016-02-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management for a data storage device using a last resort zone |
US9269393B1 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2016-02-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with data refresh mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9268499B1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2016-02-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Hybrid drive migrating high workload data from disk to non-volatile semiconductor memory |
US9268649B1 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2016-02-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive with recent write streams list for data refresh determination |
US9281009B1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2016-03-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing variable size interleave written track segments |
US9311939B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2016-04-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Write-through media caching |
US9318137B1 (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2016-04-19 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device executing retry operation by buffering signal samples at different radial offsets |
US9330701B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2016-05-03 | Seagate Technology Llc | Dynamic track misregistration dependent error scans |
US9330715B1 (en) | 2010-03-22 | 2016-05-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Mapping of shingled magnetic recording media |
US9355666B1 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2016-05-31 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive measuring stroke difference between heads by detecting a difference between ramp contact |
US9361938B1 (en) | 2015-04-16 | 2016-06-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk defect management for a data storage device |
US9368132B1 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-06-14 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing differential write data signal and differential write pattern signal |
US9368131B1 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2016-06-14 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Data storage device employing mirrored cross-track profiles for top and bottom disk surfaces |
US9383923B1 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2016-07-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Write pointer management for a disk drive |
US9401165B1 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2016-07-26 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method and system to monitor magnetic head loading and unloading stability for a data storage system |
US9417628B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-08-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Production failure analysis system |
US9424864B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2016-08-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management for a data storage device with zone relocation |
US9437242B1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2016-09-06 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing different frequency preambles in adjacent data tracks |
US9466321B1 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2016-10-11 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Angular position tracking of data accesses to mitigate risk of data loss |
US9466318B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2016-10-11 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Allowing fast data zone switches on data storage devices |
US9472219B1 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2016-10-18 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating parameter for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US20160306569A1 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-10-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Memory system |
US9501393B2 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2016-11-22 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage system garbage collection based on at least one attribute |
US9502068B1 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2016-11-22 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device updating laser power during non-write mode for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9588898B1 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2017-03-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Fullness control for media-based cache operating in a steady state |
US9600205B1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2017-03-21 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Power aware power safe write buffer |
US9632711B1 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2017-04-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Processing flush requests by utilizing storage system write notifications |
US9639287B1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2017-05-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Write command reporting |
US9645752B1 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2017-05-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Identification of data committed to non-volatile memory by use of notification commands |
US9672107B1 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2017-06-06 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data protection for a data storage device |
US9747928B1 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2017-08-29 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device modifying write operation when a laser mode hop is detected |
US9761273B1 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2017-09-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device encoding and interleaving codewords to improve trellis sequence detection |
US9842622B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2017-12-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device having improved read failure tolerance |
US9842617B1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2017-12-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with head management mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9864529B1 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2018-01-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Host compatibility for host managed storage media |
US9870281B1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2018-01-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Power loss mitigation for data storage device |
US9875055B1 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2018-01-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Check-pointing of metadata |
US9916616B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2018-03-13 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Inventory management system using incremental capacity formats |
US9933955B1 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2018-04-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Power safe write buffer for data storage device |
US9952950B1 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2018-04-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management in RAID environment |
US9959052B1 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2018-05-01 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Media based cache for data storage device |
US10056920B1 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2018-08-21 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device encoding and interleaving codewords to improve trellis sequence detection |
US10063257B1 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2018-08-28 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device encoding and interleaving codewords to improve trellis sequence detection |
US20180267745A1 (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2018-09-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Memory controller, information processor, and memory control method |
US10282096B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2019-05-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Identification of data with predetermined data pattern |
US10282371B1 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2019-05-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Object storage device with probabilistic data structure |
US20190227721A1 (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device opportunistically refreshing data |
US10365836B1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2019-07-30 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with declustered data protection by parity based on reliability and method of operation thereof |
US20220301588A1 (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-09-22 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data Storage Device Adjusting Refresh Monitor Based On A Learning Based Feedback Control |
Citations (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5909334A (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1999-06-01 | Western Digital Corporation | Verifying write operations in a magnetic disk drive |
US6289484B1 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2001-09-11 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive employing off-line scan to collect selection-control data for subsequently deciding whether to verify after write |
US6327106B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-12-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc | Disk drive having data-guarding firmware |
US6429984B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2002-08-06 | Komag, Inc | Circuit and method for refreshing data recorded at a density sufficiently high to undergo thermal degradation |
US6462896B1 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2002-10-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method for minimizing adjacent track data loss during a write operation in a disk drive |
US6650492B2 (en) | 2000-09-28 | 2003-11-18 | Seagate Technology Llc | Self-contained disc drive write authentication test |
US6691255B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2004-02-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Accelerated media scan method for detection of disk drive handling damage |
US20040128433A1 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2004-07-01 | Bains Kuljit S. | Refresh port for a dynamic memory |
US6781780B1 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2004-08-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for preventing data loss from an off-track write condition in a disk drive by rewriting data buffered from an adjacent track |
US6809893B2 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2004-10-26 | Fujitsu Limited | Information refresh method, storage system and storage medium thereof |
US20040268033A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-30 | Seagate Technology Llc | Refreshing data in a data storage device |
US6854022B1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2005-02-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive using rotational position optimization algorithm to facilitate write verify operations |
US6854071B2 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2005-02-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing write recovery of faulty data in a non-redundant raid system |
US20050207049A1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-22 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands, B.V. | Magnetic disk drive and refresh method |
US6950967B1 (en) | 2001-09-26 | 2005-09-27 | Maxtor Corporation | Method and apparatus for manufacture test processing a disk drive installed in a computer system |
US6987630B1 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2006-01-17 | Maxtor Corporation | Method and apparatus for media thermal decay measurement in a disk drive |
US7043598B2 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2006-05-09 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for dynamic memory refreshing |
US7050252B1 (en) | 2002-06-01 | 2006-05-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive employing off-line sector verification and relocation of marginal sectors discovered during read error recovery procedure |
US7177979B2 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2007-02-13 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Japan, Ltd. | Method for preventing data loss due to repeated writes to a given track on a magnetic disk drive |
US7345837B1 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2008-03-18 | Maxtor Corporation | Disk drive that refreshes data on portions of a disk based on a number of write operations thereto |
US7349179B1 (en) | 2001-07-16 | 2008-03-25 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Write head for improved manufacturability larger write field and reduced adjacent track erasure |
US20080239808A1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-02 | Lin Jason T | Flash Memory Refresh Techniques Triggered by Controlled Scrub Data Reads |
US20090027799A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive refreshing zones in segments to sustain target throughput of host commands |
US7570445B2 (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2009-08-04 | Seagate Technology Llc | Adaptively adjusting seek function control parameters based on off-track write events |
US20090244775A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba 1-1 | Adjacent-track-erasure (ate) refresh with increased track resolution for often-written areas |
US7649704B1 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2010-01-19 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive deferring refresh based on environmental conditions |
US7663933B2 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2010-02-16 | Megachips Corporation | Memory controller |
US7672072B1 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2010-03-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive modifying an update function for a refresh monitor in response to a measured duration |
US20100165502A1 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Magnetic disk drive capable of refreshing data written to disk and data refresh method |
US7872822B1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2011-01-18 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive refreshing zones based on serpentine access of disk surfaces |
US20110019302A1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method of refreshing data stored on a disk |
US7974029B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2011-07-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive biasing refresh zone counters based on write commands |
-
2010
- 2010-05-18 US US12/782,681 patent/US8320067B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5909334A (en) | 1996-05-10 | 1999-06-01 | Western Digital Corporation | Verifying write operations in a magnetic disk drive |
US6327106B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-12-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc | Disk drive having data-guarding firmware |
US6289484B1 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2001-09-11 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive employing off-line scan to collect selection-control data for subsequently deciding whether to verify after write |
US6429984B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2002-08-06 | Komag, Inc | Circuit and method for refreshing data recorded at a density sufficiently high to undergo thermal degradation |
US6628466B2 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2003-09-30 | Komag, Inc | Circuit and method for refreshing data recorded at a density sufficiently high to undergo thermal degradation |
US7196860B2 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2007-03-27 | Komag, Inc. | Circuit and method for refreshing data recorded at a density sufficiently high to undergo thermal degradation |
US6809893B2 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2004-10-26 | Fujitsu Limited | Information refresh method, storage system and storage medium thereof |
US6691255B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2004-02-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Accelerated media scan method for detection of disk drive handling damage |
US6650492B2 (en) | 2000-09-28 | 2003-11-18 | Seagate Technology Llc | Self-contained disc drive write authentication test |
US6462896B1 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2002-10-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method for minimizing adjacent track data loss during a write operation in a disk drive |
US6854071B2 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2005-02-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing write recovery of faulty data in a non-redundant raid system |
US6781780B1 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2004-08-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for preventing data loss from an off-track write condition in a disk drive by rewriting data buffered from an adjacent track |
US7349179B1 (en) | 2001-07-16 | 2008-03-25 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Write head for improved manufacturability larger write field and reduced adjacent track erasure |
US6950967B1 (en) | 2001-09-26 | 2005-09-27 | Maxtor Corporation | Method and apparatus for manufacture test processing a disk drive installed in a computer system |
US7043598B2 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2006-05-09 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for dynamic memory refreshing |
US6987630B1 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2006-01-17 | Maxtor Corporation | Method and apparatus for media thermal decay measurement in a disk drive |
US6854022B1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2005-02-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive using rotational position optimization algorithm to facilitate write verify operations |
US7050252B1 (en) | 2002-06-01 | 2006-05-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive employing off-line sector verification and relocation of marginal sectors discovered during read error recovery procedure |
US20040128433A1 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2004-07-01 | Bains Kuljit S. | Refresh port for a dynamic memory |
US7177979B2 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2007-02-13 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Japan, Ltd. | Method for preventing data loss due to repeated writes to a given track on a magnetic disk drive |
US20040268033A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-30 | Seagate Technology Llc | Refreshing data in a data storage device |
US20050207049A1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-22 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands, B.V. | Magnetic disk drive and refresh method |
US7173782B2 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2007-02-06 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands, B.V. | Magnetic disk drive and refresh method |
US7345837B1 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2008-03-18 | Maxtor Corporation | Disk drive that refreshes data on portions of a disk based on a number of write operations thereto |
US7570445B2 (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2009-08-04 | Seagate Technology Llc | Adaptively adjusting seek function control parameters based on off-track write events |
US7663933B2 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2010-02-16 | Megachips Corporation | Memory controller |
US20080239808A1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-02 | Lin Jason T | Flash Memory Refresh Techniques Triggered by Controlled Scrub Data Reads |
US7872822B1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2011-01-18 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive refreshing zones based on serpentine access of disk surfaces |
US7649704B1 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2010-01-19 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive deferring refresh based on environmental conditions |
US7672072B1 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2010-03-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive modifying an update function for a refresh monitor in response to a measured duration |
US20090027799A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-01-29 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive refreshing zones in segments to sustain target throughput of host commands |
US7945727B2 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2011-05-17 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive refreshing zones in segments to sustain target throughput of host commands |
US20090244775A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba 1-1 | Adjacent-track-erasure (ate) refresh with increased track resolution for often-written areas |
US20100165502A1 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Magnetic disk drive capable of refreshing data written to disk and data refresh method |
US7870460B2 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2011-01-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Magnetic disk drive capable of refreshing data written to disk and data refresh method |
US20110019302A1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method of refreshing data stored on a disk |
US7974029B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2011-07-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive biasing refresh zone counters based on write commands |
Cited By (146)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9049471B2 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2015-06-02 | Keen Personal Media, Inc. | Personal video recorder for inserting a stored advertisement into a displayed broadcast stream |
US9060420B2 (en) | 2007-11-01 | 2015-06-16 | Western Digitial Technologies, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a double sided flex circuit for a disk drive wherein a first side lead provides an etching mask for a second side lead |
US9009358B1 (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2015-04-14 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Configuring a data storage device with a parameter file interlocked with configuration code |
US8914625B1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2014-12-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Automatically configuring a web browser file when booting an operating system from a data storage device |
US8902527B1 (en) | 2010-03-22 | 2014-12-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for improving sequential data rate performance using sorted data zones |
US9330715B1 (en) | 2010-03-22 | 2016-05-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Mapping of shingled magnetic recording media |
US9268499B1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2016-02-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Hybrid drive migrating high workload data from disk to non-volatile semiconductor memory |
US8879188B1 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2014-11-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive employing fly height calibration tracks to account for magnetic entropy and thermal decay |
US8954664B1 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2015-02-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Writing metadata files on a disk |
US9268649B1 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2016-02-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive with recent write streams list for data refresh determination |
US9189392B1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2015-11-17 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Opportunistic defragmentation during garbage collection |
US8990493B1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2015-03-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing force unit access writes on a disk |
US8909889B1 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2014-12-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for servicing host commands by a disk drive |
US9158722B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2015-10-13 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device to communicate with a host in a SATA or a USB mode |
US9213493B1 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2015-12-15 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Sorted serpentine mapping for storage drives |
US9063838B1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2015-06-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device shifting data chunks of alignment zone relative to sector boundaries |
US8996839B1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2015-03-31 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device aligning partition to boundary of sector when partition offset correlates with offset of write commands |
US8531791B1 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2013-09-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Methods for adaptive throttling of data refresh operations and disk drives implementing the same |
US8937782B1 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2015-01-20 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Hard disk drive assembly including a NVSM to store configuration data for controlling disk drive operations |
US9053730B1 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2015-06-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive comprising extended range head proximity sensor |
US9128820B1 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2015-09-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | File management among different zones of storage media |
US9477681B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2016-10-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | File management among different zones of storage media |
US8879181B2 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-11-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Read/write apparatus and read/write method |
US20140071559A1 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Read/write apparatus and read/write method |
US9383923B1 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2016-07-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Write pointer management for a disk drive |
US8970978B1 (en) | 2012-10-22 | 2015-03-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive detecting head touchdown by applying DC+AC control signal to fly height actuator |
US8959281B1 (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2015-02-17 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management for a storage device |
US8902529B1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-12-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Dual frequency crystal oscillator |
US8941941B1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2015-01-27 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive calibrating touchdown sensor |
US8891341B1 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-11-18 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Energy assisted magnetic recording disk drive using modulated laser light |
US9417628B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-08-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Production failure analysis system |
US9074941B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-07-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for measuring ambient and laser temperature in heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9053749B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-06-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive comprising a per-drive and per-head fly height filter |
US8922939B1 (en) | 2013-04-02 | 2014-12-30 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive generating feed-forward fly height control based on temperature sensitive fly height sensor |
US9064542B1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2015-06-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Scheduled load of heads to reduce lubricant migration on pole tip and decrease time to ready |
US8949521B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2015-02-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Actuator prepositioning for disk drive |
US9135205B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 | 2015-09-15 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage assembly for archive cold storage |
US8891193B1 (en) | 2013-05-09 | 2014-11-18 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive calibrating threshold and gain of touchdown sensor |
US9153287B1 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2015-10-06 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data access for shingled magnetic recording media |
US9183864B1 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2015-11-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive adjusting closed-loop fly height target based on change in open-loop fly height control signal |
US9164694B1 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2015-10-20 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device detecting read-before-write conditions and returning configurable return data |
US9025270B1 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2015-05-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with current conservation mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9355666B1 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2016-05-31 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive measuring stroke difference between heads by detecting a difference between ramp contact |
US9099144B1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2015-08-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive evaluating laser performance for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9299371B1 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-03-29 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive slider with sense amplifier for coupling to a preamp through a supply/bias line and a read signal line |
US9047917B1 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive slider with sense amplifier for coupling to a preamp through a supply/bias line and a read signal line |
US9064525B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive comprising laser transmission line optimized for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9257145B1 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2016-02-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive measuring down-track spacing of read sensors |
US9013818B1 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2015-04-21 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive measuring reader/writer gap by measuring fractional clock cycle over disk radius |
US9021410B1 (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2015-04-28 | Western Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with multi-cycle simulation coverage mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US8958167B1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2015-02-17 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Detection of disk surface irregularities in data storage devices |
US8908311B1 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2014-12-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device writing a multi-sector codeword in segments over multiple disk revolutions |
US9501393B2 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2016-11-22 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage system garbage collection based on at least one attribute |
US9864529B1 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2018-01-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Host compatibility for host managed storage media |
US10282130B2 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2019-05-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Coherency of data in data relocation |
US9064504B1 (en) | 2014-01-29 | 2015-06-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with media recovery mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9230585B1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2016-01-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Per wedge preheat DFH to improve data storage device performance |
US9257146B1 (en) | 2014-02-11 | 2016-02-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device comprising sequence detector compensating for inter-track interference |
US9117489B1 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2015-08-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device screening heads by verifying defects after defect scan |
US8988809B1 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2015-03-24 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Disk recording device for writing a radially coherent reference band by measuring relative timing offsets of reference bursts |
US9165568B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 | 2015-10-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Tosbhia | Hard disk drive and data refresh method |
US9082458B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2015-07-14 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device balancing and maximizing quality metric when configuring arial density of each disk surface |
US8941935B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2015-01-27 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | System and method for initiating refresh operations |
US9070406B1 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2015-06-30 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive configuring one-dimensional and two-dimensional recording areas based on read element spacing |
US9245556B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2016-01-26 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk drive employing multiple read elements to increase radial band for two-dimensional magnetic recording |
US9263088B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2016-02-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management for a data storage device using a last resort zone |
US8947812B1 (en) | 2014-03-27 | 2015-02-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device comprising equalizer filter and inter-track interference filter |
US9916616B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2018-03-13 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Inventory management system using incremental capacity formats |
US10162534B1 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2018-12-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Ordering commitment of data from a data cache to nonvolatile memory using ordering commands |
US9632711B1 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2017-04-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Processing flush requests by utilizing storage system write notifications |
US9645752B1 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2017-05-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Identification of data committed to non-volatile memory by use of notification commands |
US9123370B1 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2015-09-01 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating fly height actuator based on laser power for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US8976633B1 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2015-03-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating fly height actuator based on laser power for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US8988810B1 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2015-03-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Track measurement for data storage device |
US20150317204A1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-05 | Lsi Corporation | Systems and Methods for Efficient Data Refresh in a Storage Device |
US9401165B1 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2016-07-26 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Method and system to monitor magnetic head loading and unloading stability for a data storage system |
US9245558B1 (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2016-01-26 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with data management mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9075714B1 (en) | 2014-05-13 | 2015-07-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with data management mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9251856B1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2016-02-02 | Western Digial Technologies, Inc. | Read failover method and apparatus for a data storage system |
US9251844B1 (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2016-02-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Waterfall method and apparatus for a data storage device read system |
US9025267B1 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2015-05-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device using branch metric from adjacent track to compensate for inter-track interference |
US9013821B1 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2015-04-21 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing one-dimensional and two-dimensional channels |
US8953277B1 (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2015-02-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device writing tracks on a disk with equal spacing |
US9171575B1 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2015-10-27 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device detecting media defects by writing opposite polarity test pattern |
US9117463B1 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2015-08-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device erasing multiple adjacent data tracks to recover from inter-track interference |
US9424864B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2016-08-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management for a data storage device with zone relocation |
US8953269B1 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2015-02-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Management of data objects in a data object zone |
US9001453B1 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2015-04-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating fly height actuator based on read mode touchdown resistance of touchdown sensor |
US9875055B1 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2018-01-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Check-pointing of metadata |
US9047206B1 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2015-06-02 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Disk drive apparatus and method of manufacturing the disk drive apparatus |
US9952950B1 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2018-04-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management in RAID environment |
US10572358B1 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2020-02-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management in RAID environment |
US9153266B1 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2015-10-06 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device measuring laser protrusion fly height profile |
US9600205B1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2017-03-21 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Power aware power safe write buffer |
US9117479B1 (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2015-08-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating laser write power for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9972344B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2018-05-15 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device modifying write operation when a laser mode hop is detected |
US9747928B1 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2017-08-29 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device modifying write operation when a laser mode hop is detected |
US9025421B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2015-05-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device adjusting laser input power to compensate for temperature variations |
US9236086B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 | 2016-01-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Methods for reducing operational latency of data storage systems |
US9099103B1 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-08-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Heat assisted magnetic recording withinterlaced high-power heated and low-power heated tracks |
US9129628B1 (en) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-09-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data management for data storage device with different track density regions |
US9123382B1 (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2015-09-01 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Non-volatile caching for sequence of data |
US9230605B1 (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2016-01-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device maximizing areal density based on a target quality metric |
US10282371B1 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2019-05-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Object storage device with probabilistic data structure |
US9269393B1 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2016-02-23 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with data refresh mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9330701B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2016-05-03 | Seagate Technology Llc | Dynamic track misregistration dependent error scans |
US10282096B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2019-05-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Identification of data with predetermined data pattern |
US9281009B1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2016-03-08 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing variable size interleave written track segments |
US9842622B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2017-12-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device having improved read failure tolerance |
US9311939B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2016-04-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Write-through media caching |
US9257143B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2016-02-09 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Precautionary measures for data storage device environmental conditions |
US9076474B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2015-07-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device attenuating thermal decay effect on fly height measurement |
US9466318B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2016-10-11 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Allowing fast data zone switches on data storage devices |
US10365836B1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2019-07-30 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with declustered data protection by parity based on reliability and method of operation thereof |
US9099134B1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2015-08-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing multiple jog profiles for a butterfly written disk surface |
US9672107B1 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2017-06-06 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data protection for a data storage device |
US20160306569A1 (en) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-10-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Memory system |
US9933955B1 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2018-04-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Power safe write buffer for data storage device |
US9318137B1 (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2016-04-19 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device executing retry operation by buffering signal samples at different radial offsets |
US9196302B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2015-11-24 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with media maintenance mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9183877B1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2015-11-10 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device comprising two-dimensional data dependent noise whitening filters for two-dimensional recording |
US9870281B1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2018-01-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Power loss mitigation for data storage device |
US9384774B1 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2016-07-05 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating a laser power for heat assisted magnetic recording based on slope of quality metric |
US9214186B1 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2015-12-15 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device measuring radial offset between read element and write element |
US9368131B1 (en) | 2015-04-03 | 2016-06-14 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Data storage device employing mirrored cross-track profiles for top and bottom disk surfaces |
US9502068B1 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2016-11-22 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device updating laser power during non-write mode for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9361938B1 (en) | 2015-04-16 | 2016-06-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Disk defect management for a data storage device |
US9472219B1 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2016-10-18 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device calibrating parameter for heat assisted magnetic recording |
US9588898B1 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2017-03-07 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Fullness control for media-based cache operating in a steady state |
US9466321B1 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2016-10-11 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Angular position tracking of data accesses to mitigate risk of data loss |
US9842617B1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2017-12-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Electronic system with head management mechanism and method of operation thereof |
US9639287B1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2017-05-02 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Write command reporting |
US9368132B1 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2016-06-14 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing differential write data signal and differential write pattern signal |
US9437242B1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2016-09-06 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device employing different frequency preambles in adjacent data tracks |
US9959052B1 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2018-05-01 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Media based cache for data storage device |
US10056920B1 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2018-08-21 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device encoding and interleaving codewords to improve trellis sequence detection |
US10063257B1 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2018-08-28 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device encoding and interleaving codewords to improve trellis sequence detection |
US10554221B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2020-02-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device encoding and interleaving codewords to improve trellis sequence detection |
US10554225B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2020-02-04 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device encoding and interleaving codewords to improve trellis sequence detection |
US9761273B1 (en) | 2015-11-03 | 2017-09-12 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device encoding and interleaving codewords to improve trellis sequence detection |
US20180267745A1 (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2018-09-20 | Fujitsu Limited | Memory controller, information processor, and memory control method |
US10628080B2 (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2020-04-21 | Fujitsu Limited | Memory controller, information processor, and memory control method |
US20190227721A1 (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-25 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device opportunistically refreshing data |
US10379760B1 (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-08-13 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device opportunistically refreshing data |
US20220301588A1 (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-09-22 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data Storage Device Adjusting Refresh Monitor Based On A Learning Based Feedback Control |
US11775366B2 (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-10-03 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | Data storage device adjusting refresh monitor based on a learning based feedback control |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8320067B1 (en) | Refresh operations using write/read commands | |
US10210900B2 (en) | Rewriting of data stored in defective storage regions into other storage regions | |
US9311939B1 (en) | Write-through media caching | |
US7599139B1 (en) | Disk drive having a high performance access mode and a lower performance archive mode | |
US9129628B1 (en) | Data management for data storage device with different track density regions | |
US8621133B1 (en) | Reading multiple metadata files across multiple tracks | |
US8285923B2 (en) | Disk drive and method using native command queuing tags to identify logical block size and implement protection information | |
US8611032B2 (en) | Directional write retry for shingled disk drive application | |
US8825976B1 (en) | Hybrid drive executing biased migration policy during host boot to migrate data to a non-volatile semiconductor memory | |
US9418699B1 (en) | Management of sequentially written data | |
US9923562B1 (en) | Data storage device state detection on power loss | |
US9472222B2 (en) | Vibration mitigation for a data storage device | |
US7757154B2 (en) | Magnetic disk control apparatus, magnetic disk apparatus, and method of correcting read error | |
US20120102261A1 (en) | Systems and Methods for Tiered Non-Volatile Storage | |
JP5058060B2 (en) | Data storage device and adjacent track rewrite processing method. | |
US9905263B2 (en) | Magnetic disk device and write processing method | |
US9588887B2 (en) | Staging sorted data in intermediate storage | |
US10223277B2 (en) | SMR drive with multi-level write-cache for high random-write performance | |
US10490227B2 (en) | Shingled magnetic recording storage system | |
US20150269081A1 (en) | Hdd write buffer zone for vibration condition | |
US7184241B1 (en) | Disk drive that performs cold writes to erased buffer | |
US20200251142A1 (en) | Shingled magnetic recording hard disk drive media cache copy transfer | |
JP5787839B2 (en) | Disk storage device and data protection method | |
US9870281B1 (en) | Power loss mitigation for data storage device | |
US9075714B1 (en) | Electronic system with data management mechanism and method of operation thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TSAI, CHUN SEI;HUYNH, SANG;SMITH, KENNETH J.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100517 TO 20100518;REEL/FRAME:024405/0754 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, ILLINOIS Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:038722/0229 Effective date: 20160512 Owner name: U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, CALIFORNIA Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:038744/0281 Effective date: 20160512 Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, ILLINOIS Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:038744/0481 Effective date: 20160512 Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, IL Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:038722/0229 Effective date: 20160512 Owner name: U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGEN Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:038744/0281 Effective date: 20160512 Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT, IL Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:038744/0481 Effective date: 20160512 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:045501/0714 Effective date: 20180227 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST AT REEL 038744 FRAME 0481;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:058982/0556 Effective date: 20220203 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., ILLINOIS Free format text: PATENT COLLATERAL AGREEMENT - A&R LOAN AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:064715/0001 Effective date: 20230818 |