WO1998032495A1

WO1998032495A1 - Fire extinguishing apparatus and fire preventive apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO1998032495A1
Application number: PCT/JP1998/000207
Authority: WO
Inventors: Takehiko Yamamura
Original assignee: Yukosha Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 1997-01-24
Filing date: 1998-01-21
Publication date: 1998-07-30
Also published as: AU5574698A; JP3211251B2

Abstract

A fire extinguishing apparatus or fire preventive apparatus which does not damage surroundings of a fire spot, can be used for electric equipment, does not adversely affect environment and human body, and can be used in an open space. The fire extinguishing apparatus has an acoustic wave irradiation device for applying an acoustic wave to a burning article. The acoustic wave may be an ultrasonic wave, and preferably has a polarized wave.

Description

Description ^: Fire extinguisher and fire prevention device

The present invention relates to a fire extinguisher and a fire prevention device having a sound wave irradiator for irradiating a sound wave to a combustion product. Background art

Conventional fire extinguishers include fire extinguishers, sprinklers, and fire pumps mounted on fire engines and the like.Fire extinguisher used in these fire extinguishers includes water, chemical foam, mechanical foam, and other foams. Powders such as ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate, and gases such as carbon dioxide gas and halogen gas are used, and these are used alone or in combination.

However, when water is used to extinguish a fire, it has the advantage of being inexpensive, but it cannot be used for electrical equipment, etc., and in some fire locations it is difficult to obtain water. Even if the fire was extinguished by water, the damage around the fire place would be severe due to water damage.

On the other hand, when foam is used to extinguish fire, it is effective for oil and fat fires, but it cannot be used for electric equipment etc. as in the case of water, and the degree of contamination in the surroundings is that of water Larger than.

Although powder extinguishing agents are effective for small-scale fires, they require carbon dioxide gas and the like to release the chemicals, which increases the weight of the entire device and makes it expensive. When this fire extinguisher is used, fouling after release is enormous. Furthermore, if a gas such as carbon dioxide gas or halogen gas is used as a fire extinguishing agent, it will not only have a negative effect on the environment, but also on the human body. In addition, gas has little effect unless it is used in an almost closed space. Disclosure of the invention Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and does not use fire extinguisher such as water, foam, powder, gas, etc., so that there is no damage to the surroundings of the fire site. An object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguisher that can be used for electric equipment, does not adversely affect the environment and the human body, and can be used even in an enclosed space.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a fire prevention device to be installed in a place where a fire is expected.

In order to achieve the above object, a fire extinguisher according to the present invention is characterized in that it has a sound wave irradiating device that irradiates a sound wave to a combustion product. Further, the sound wave may be an ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave preferably has a polarized wave.

In the above fire extinguisher, the sound wave emitted from the sound wave irradiator generates a dense band in the air, and the part having the rough density is in a kind of vacuum state, so that the cavity effect is generated. As a result, large shock vibrations can be given to the fire source as wavy shock waves, and the chain reaction of the fire is cut off, leading to fire extinguishing.

This eliminates the use of fire extinguisher such as water, foam, powder, gas, etc., so that it can be used for electrical equipment without damaging the surroundings of the fire, and can be used for the environment and the human body. It has no adverse effects and can be used even in an enclosed space.

Also, when the ultrasonic waves have polarization, the amount of attenuation of the ultrasonic energy behind the obstacles is reduced, and the fire extinguishing can be effectively performed even on the combustion substances present behind the obstacles.

Furthermore, in order to provide a fire prevention device to be installed in a place where a fire is expected, the fire prevention device according to the present invention is required to have a sound wave radiating device for radiating sound waves to an object. Features. Further, the sound wave may be an ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave preferably has a polarized wave.

In this fire prevention device, a sound wave emitted from the sound wave irradiation device generates a dense band in the air, and a portion having the rough density is in a kind of vacuum state, so that a cavity effect is generated. As a result, the target that is expected to fire Since a large shock vibration can be given as a typical shock wave, the occurrence of a fire can be suppressed.

In addition, if the ultrasonic waves have polarized waves, the amount of attenuation of the ultrasonic energy behind the obstacles is reduced, and the fire prevention can be effectively performed even for an object behind the obstacles. . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a fire extinguisher according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a fire model used in a fire extinguishing experiment using the fire extinguisher according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the fire extinguisher according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a conventional ultrasonic transducer.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional ultrasonic irradiation apparatus, in which (a) is a schematic diagram of the configuration, and (b) is a diagram showing the stress distribution at each location of the ultrasonic irradiation apparatus shown in (a). FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a vibration distribution.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic irradiation apparatus for generating ultrasonic waves having polarized waves according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Next, specific examples of embodiments of the fire extinguishing device and the fire prevention device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a fire extinguisher according to the present invention. The fire extinguisher 1 includes a discharger 2, a sound collecting microphone 3, an amplifier 4, and a speaker 5. The discharge device 2 is equipped with a programmer (rotary discharge electrode) such as a Wimshurst induction motor or Tesla coil and a multi-wave transmitter. The sound is generated by

The sound collecting microphone 3 collects sound waves generated in the discharge device 2 and outputs an equivalent electric signal in response to the collected sound waves. Further, the electric signal generated in the sound collecting microphone 3 is amplified by the amplifier 4 including the controller, and the directional speaker 5 emits, for example, intermittent sound waves. In this embodiment, one speaker 5 is provided, but a plurality of speakers may be provided according to the fire extinguishing object.

Next, the results of fire extinguishing experiments using the fire extinguisher according to the present invention will be described.

As shown in Fig. 2, the fire source conforms to the fire model specified when determining the fire extinguisher's capacity unit, as stipulated in Article 6 of the Fire Services Act (Ministerial Ordinance for Specifying Technical Standards for Fire Extinguishers). hand

The prepared fire model 6 was used.

The fire model 6 is composed of 14 4 pieces of dried cedar wood 8 of 3 cm square and 90 cm length, which are alternately combined and stacked. It was created by stretching it to a depth and putting 3 liters of gasoline into it.

As an experimental device, a fire extinguisher 1 having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 was used.

The discharge device 2 is a device that generates a sound by intermittently spark-discharging a DC high-voltage charge charged in a condenser, and is, for example, a capacitor having a capacity of 500 ° F to 120 ° F. By causing a discharge between the electrodes, a large current of approximately 400 to 800 A flows instantaneously, and a sound wave is generated at that moment.

The sound waves generated as described above are collected by the sound collecting microphone 3, and the sound collected by the sound collecting microphone 3 is amplified by the amplifier 4, and is output from the directional speaker 5 to about 1 W / nf to 3 W /. The ra ^a was configured to emit a sound wave of about 1 kHz. The speaker 5 was installed at a position 2 m away from the fire model 6.

The combustion rod 9 made of iron angle was ignited with a igniting rod at the gasoline 10 <10 to 20 seconds after ignition, the wood burned violently, and the flame was about 2 m to 3 m from the floor. m.

1 minute after ignition, fire extinguishing started. As described above, a sound wave of about 1 kHz was emitted from the speaker 5 toward the center of the fire model 6 at lW / nf to 3 W / nf. First, the first wave blew out the flame for an instant, and a second later the fire was suppressed. However, it seems that fire was left in the wood in the shape of fire. Therefore, the above waves were fired toward the center of the fire model 6 in a wave-like manner with the second wave and the third wave to extinguish the fire. As a result, fire model 6 Was extinguished after about 20 seconds.

Next, a second embodiment of the fire extinguisher according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3. In the _c- fire extinguisher, the first embodiment uses an ultrasonic wave as a sound wave. Different from fire extinguisher. The fire extinguisher 11 according to the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic vibrator 12, a sound collecting microphone 13, an amplifier 14, and a speaker 15.

In this specification, an ultrasonic wave is a sound wave (including a sound in a low-frequency region) other than a sound that can be heard by a human (a sound having a frequency of about 20 Hz to 30 kHz). Shall mean.

The ultrasonic vibrator 12 is capable of generating ultrasonic waves of, for example, about 20 kHz to several 100 kHz, and ultrasonic waves in a low frequency region of about 20 kHz or less. The ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 12 are collected by the sound collecting microphone 13. Then, in the sound collecting microphone 13, an equivalent electric signal is output in response to the collected sound waves.

Furthermore, the amplifier 1 4, including a controller one la, the output signal of the sound collecting microphone 1 3 is amplified, _c waves from the speaker 1 5 has directivity example intermittently is fired Also in this embodiment, Although one speaker 15 is provided, a plurality of beakers may be provided according to the fire extinguishing target.

Next, the results of fire extinguishing experiments using the fire extinguisher according to the present invention will be described. As a fire source, a fire model 6 shown in Fig. 2 was used as in the fire extinguishing experiment described above, and water was spread over a combustion vessel 10 of an iron angle combustion table 9 to a depth of 10 cm. I put 3 liters of gasoline inside.

As an experimental device, a fire extinguisher 11 having the configuration shown in FIG. 3 was used.

Ultrasonic waves of about 300 kHz were generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 12, and the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 12 were collected by the sound collecting microphone 13. Then, the ultrasonic waves collected by the sound collecting microphone 13 are amplified by the amplifier 14, and the directivity of the speakers 15 to 1 W / n! Fired at ~ 3 W / nf toward the center of Fire Model 6. The loudspeaker 15 was installed at a position 2 m away from the fire model 6. The flammable gasoline of the iron angle combustion table 9 was ignited with a igniter rod. Ten to twenty seconds after ignition, the wood burns violently, and the flame is about 2 to 3 m from the floor. Spanned the height.

1 minute after ignition, fire extinguishing started. As described above, a sound wave of about 300 kHz was emitted from the speaker 15 at l W / nf to 3 W / m ² toward the center of the fire model 6. In this experiment, as in the previous experiment, first, the first wave caused the flame to blow off for a moment, and the fire was suppressed about 1 second later. However, it seems that fire was left in the wood in the shape of fire. Therefore, the sound waves were fired toward the center of the fire model 6 in a wave-like manner as the second wave and the third wave to extinguish the fire. As a result, fire model 6 was extinguished approximately 20 seconds later.

Incidentally, in an experiment in which ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 1 W / nf to 3 W / m ² and a frequency of 3 Hz to 20 Hz were emitted from the speaker 15 toward the center of the fire model 6, the above-mentioned approx. The same results as in the experimental example using ultrasonic waves at 0 kHz were obtained, and it was confirmed that there was a fire extinguishing effect by ultrasonic waves in the low-frequency region of about 20 Hz or less.

When it is difficult to completely extinguish a fire using the fire extinguisher according to the present invention alone, it is possible to combine the fire extinguisher with a conventional fire extinguisher.

In the above embodiment, the fire is extinguished by irradiating the combustion object with sound waves. However, it is also possible to suppress the occurrence of fire by emitting sound waves in advance at a place where a fire is expected.

Next, the ultrasonic vibrator used in the fire extinguisher and the fire prevention device according to the present invention will be described.

Ultrasound is a longitudinal wave in a gas or liquid, but is composed of a longitudinal wave, a shear wave, and a surface wave in a solid. Utilizing this property, we will use an ultrasonic oscillator that can combine longitudinal and transverse waves into ultrasonic waves emitted in a gas.

As a result, the amount of attenuation of the ultrasonic energy behind the obstacle is reduced, and the fire extinguishing can be effectively performed even on the burning matter present behind the obstacle.

First, a conventional ultrasonic transducer will be described.

Fig. 4 shows a Langevin type transducer conventionally used. The Langevin type vibrator 50 is formed in a sandwich shape in which a piezoelectric element 52 (or an electrostrictive element) such as lead zirconate titanate is sandwiched between two metal bodies 51A and 51B. An electrode plate 53 made of phosphor bronze or the like is arranged in the middle of the piezoelectric element 52. And A high-frequency voltage is applied from a high-frequency power supply 54 between the metal body 51A and the electrode plate 53 and between the metal body 51B and the electrode plate 53, and an ultrasonic wave is emitted from the radiation surface. Can be

Then, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), a cone part 61, a horn part 63 via a flange part 62, a sound tube 64, and a diaphragm 65 are attached to the Langevin type vibrator 50. In addition, the vibration amplitude of the Langevin type vibrator 50 is amplified, and the ultrasonic waves generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 65 are emitted into the air through the acoustic tube 64. Here, the cone part 61 and the horn part 63 function as a concentrator of acoustic energy.

At this time, a stress distribution and an amplitude distribution as shown in FIG. 5 (b) are obtained. The amplitude is minimum at the flange portion 62 and maximum at the diaphragm 65. Further, a half length of the oscillation wavelength corresponds to the length L of the horn portion 63 shown in FIG. However, when an ultrasonic vibrator such as the Langevin type vibrator 50 is used and an ultrasonic wave is emitted in the air, the ultrasonic wave as a longitudinal wave propagates in the air. For this reason, when an obstacle is present, the emitted ultrasonic waves are reflected by the obstacle and cannot reach the burning matter behind the obstacle, and the fire extinguishing effect is reduced.

Therefore, in order to obtain a supersonic wave having a plane of polarization instead of a simple longitudinal wave by adding a transverse wave component to the longitudinal wave, an ultrasonic transducer having the following configuration is used. Here, the polarization means a waveform obtained by synthesizing a plurality of waveforms or changing the phase of a plurality of waveforms to make a waveform different from the waveform generated from a single sound source, or adding energy to a sine wave or the like. Is defined as deflected waveform.

As shown in FIG. 6, this ultrasonic irradiation apparatus has two oscillators 71 A and 7 IB to drive two Langevin type vibrators 70 A and 70 B, and these oscillators The devices 71 A and 71 B have a function of changing the phase from 0 ° to 90 ° with respect to each other, and operate so that the driving energies become equal.

The cones 72A and 72B are made of different materials, and the sound waves from the two oscillators 71A and 71B caused by the different media in the sound wave propagation shift from the equilibrium point. This causes a particle change, and the velocity becomes the particle velocity, and this change generates a wave.

The two oscillators 71A and 71B can further strengthen the wave by pulse driving whose phase can be adjusted. As for the polarized wave, sound waves having a phase difference of 90 ° mutually pass through the cone portions 72 A and 72 B formed of different materials, and are combined by the flange portion 73. a, 7 further becomes also possible that _t the cone section 7 2 a, 7 2 vibrations passing through the B is amplified circular polarization type acoustic wave horn section 7 within 4 to clarify the phase difference by 1 B The sound is emitted from the diaphragm 75 and reaches the target via the acoustic tube 76. This polarized wave is an ultrasonic wave that is relatively less affected by obstacles and the like than a longitudinal wave or a transverse wave, and can be used for fire extinguishing.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A fire extinguisher characterized by having a sound wave irradiator for irradiating a sound wave to a combustion product.

2. The fire extinguisher according to claim 1, wherein the sound wave is an ultrasonic wave.

3. The fire extinguisher according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic waves have a polarization.

4. A fire prevention device having a sound wave irradiation device for irradiating a sound wave to an object.

5. The fire prevention device according to claim 4, wherein the sound wave is an ultrasonic wave.

6. The fire prevention device according to claim 5, wherein the ultrasonic wave has a polarization.